Life of A Dictator
Muammar Gaddafi. You can read his whole
life of dictator. You may know about his
flamboyant life history.
October 20, 2011 Killed in Sirte by National Transitional Council forces
June 7, 1942 Born in Sirte to Bedouin family, part of the Berber Qadhadhfi
clan. Later enrolls at Benghazi University to study geography, but subsequently
drops out to join the army.
1961-66 Studies at Libyan military academy, Benghazi. Becomes enthused
by rise of Arab nationalism and is particularly influenced by the example of
Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser.
September 1, 1969 Leads a bloodless coup against Libya's pro-western King Idris.
Abolishes monarchy.
1970s onwards Gaddafi sponsors, provides funds for and arms a range of
international terrorist groups across south-east Asia, Europe, Britain and
Latin America. He befriends and supports an eclectic range of assorted leaders,
including Slobodan Milosevic in Serbia, Jörg Haider in Austria, Robert Mugabe
in Zimbabwe and latterly Hugo Chávez in Venezuela.
1970 Expels Italians, Libya's former colonialists.
"Arabification" of Libya begins, removing western influences: dates
and months renamed: June becomes Nasser, for example.
1973 Establishes unelected revolutionary committees to govern
locally.
1974 Attempts to merge with Tunisia are rebuffed. This does not stop
further attempts to merge with other Arab nations -- Sudan and Egypt decline
his wooing as well.
1975 Publishes the Green Book, his political philosophy expounding
his opposition to democracy, capitalism and a free media.
1977 Renames Libya the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya -- its slogan" "God! Muammar! Libya! Enough!" Embarks
on a short, disastrous war with Egypt that ends in Libya being forced to
retreat.
1978 Increases Libyan involvement in the Chadian civil war, providing
weapons, air support and ground units to rebels.
1980 Violently suppresses an army mutiny in Tobruk and begins policy
of assassinating Libyan opponents abroad. Twenty-five are killed between
1980-87.
1987 Libyan involvement in the war with Chad reaches its final stage,
and proves to be another military disaster for Gaddafi. Libya loses 7,500
troops, a tenth of its army, and $1.5bn equipment.
December 1988 Pan Am flight 103 from Heathrow to New York is brought down by
an on-board bomb over Lockerbie three days before Christmas, killing 270
people. Libyan agents are blamed. Following year a French plane UTA 772 is
blown up over Niger, killing 171 people, including the wife of American
ambassador to Chad.
1989 Magreb pact is agreed, provisionally providing closer ties
between Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Libya, though never the sort
of unity Gaddafi hopes for.
1998 Gaddafi expels 30,000 Palestinians from Libya in pique over
Israel-PLO peace negotiations, shifts his aspirations from Arab nationalism
towards Africa.
1999 Gaddafi hands over two Lockerbie bombing suspects for Scottish
trial and specially convened court in the Netherlands. Abdelbasset al-Megrahi
is convicted at the trial the following year.
2003 Overthrow of Saddam Hussein in Iraq forces strategic rethink.
Gaddafi begins a policy of rapprochement with the west. Britain supports
resolution to lift sanctions against Libya. Gaddafi is one of the first to
issue an arrest warrant for Osama bin Laden. Accepts Libyan responsibility for
Lockerbie.
2004 Tony Blair meets Gaddafi in the Libyan leader's desert tent.
George Bush also restores diplomatic relations with Tripoli.
2009 Visits the US for first time to address the UN general assembly,
intrigues Americans during visit by bringing his bedouin tent to sleep in.
Megrahi, the only person convicted over the Lockerbie bombing, is repatriated
by the Scottish authorities.
February 2011 Libyans in Benghazi begin to rise up against his regime. He
threatens opponents with death and advances on rebel stronghold, triggering
intervention from Nato.
June 2011 The International Criminal Court indicts him, his son Saif
al-Islam and his brother-in-law Abdullah al-Senussi for crimes against
humanity.
August 2011 Tripoli falls.
News source : the Guardian
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